Dennis the Menace and Gnasher

Dennis the Menace and Gnasher (previously titled Dennis and Gnasher, and originally titled Dennis the Menace) is a long-running comic strip in the British children's comic The Beano, published by D. C. Thomson & Co., of Dundee, Scotland. The comic stars a boy named Dennis the Menace and his Abyssinian wire-haired tripe hound Gnasher.

The strip first appeared in issue 452, dated 17 March 1951, and is the longest-running strip in the comic. From issue 1678 onwards (dated 14 September 1974) Dennis the Menace replaced Biffo the Bear on the front cover, and has been there ever since.

Coincidentally, on 12 March 1951, another comic strip named Dennis the Menace debuted in the United States. The two strips should not be confused – as a result of this the US series has been retitled Dennis for UK consumption, while the British character's appearances are often titled "Dennis and Gnasher" outside the UK.

Dennis is the archetypal badly behaved schoolboy. The main recurring storyline throughout the years features his campaign of terror against a gang of 'softies' (effeminate, well-behaved boys), particularly Walter. Walter finds himself in unfavourable circumstances on many occasions, although he sometimes gets the last laugh.

Dennis the Menace and Gnasher was first drawn by David Law (1951 – 1970), then David Sutherland (1970 – 1998). David Parkins took over in 1998, but due to his other work commitments, Nigel Parkinson and Jimmy Hansen have drawn the lion's share of the strips for some years, and Parkins has not drawn Dennis since 2006. More recently, Tom Paterson has drawn some second Dennis strips for the comic's rear pages. Barrie Appleby did the artwork for the Beano Superstars series, which, towards the end of its run, resorted mostly to strips based on the TV series. In 2011, he took over as Dennis's main artist. Upon the November revamp of The Beano, Nigel Parkinson took over as Dennis artist as Barrie Appleby had moved back to drawing new episodes of Roger the Dodger. During this revamp, Dennis was returned to his previous appearance and personality - Nigel Auchterlounie began writing for Dennis a month after and made Dennis (and the other characters) have wider personalities. Nigel Auchterlounie has proven to be a very popular writer since taking over Dennis.

Creation and concept
The character of Dennis was initially a struggle for artist Davey Law and then Beano editor Ian Chisholm to create. Being inspired by the music hall song 'Dennis the Menace in Venice' Chisholm described the character to Law but was unsatisfied with every sketch the artist showed him. Out of frustration, Chisholm grabbed a pencil and quickly sketched out his creation to Law in the back of his cigarette packet. The drawing consisted of Dennis' trademark messy hair cut, knobbly knees and menacing scowl. Adapting Chisholm's doodle, Law set to work on the character in the strip which would appear in 17 March 1951 issue of The Beano. Two months later, the mischievous boy was equipped with a striped jersey which would from then on become his trademark.

Davey Law strips (1951 - 1970)
Dennis' first comic strip appearance consisted of him walking into the park with his father and his dog where a sign is planted informing visitors that they should 'Keep Off The Grass'. Keeping in with his 'World's Wildest Boy' tagline, Dennis makes many attempts to get onto the grass much to his father's annoyance. Losing his temper, he unleads the dog and puts the lead on Dennis thus ending the menace's hi-jinks. This, like many succeeding it, only made up half a page. It wasn't until around 1954 that Dennis was deemed popular enough to gain a full page strip. Untouched by political correctness, many of Law's strips would end with Dennis being punished for his trouble making with corporal punishment such as a slippering or use of a cane. Throughout the years, Law's Dennis became taller than his original debut appearance. It is un-known why Law chose to do this, but many believe it was due to Law's perfectionist nature. In 1955, Dennis became one of a few characters from DC Thomson comics to be featured in his own annual (the 1956 edition) which continues to up to 2011. In one of his strips, he participated in the running race in his school sports day. However, he had replaced the breaking tape with an elastic rope so when the starting pistol is heard he takes a casual stroll towards the finishing line even going as far to yell towards his other competitors 'What's all the hurry, fellas?'. When they get to the finish line, they are thrust backwards due to the elastic band. Dennis then uses scissors to cut the rope and goes to the trophy stand expectantly. However, the coach instead awards him with a belt strap. Confused, Dennis snaps 'I can't do anything with this!' The coach then reveals the belt strap is for him to spank the boy for 'winning the race the wrong way'.

In 1958, Dennis replaced Big Eggo as the character next to The Beano title citing one of many changes of the comic during this period. The boy was also present in the first Dandy-Beano Summer Special, where he appeared in full colour. This strip featured Dennis begrudgingly selling flags in aid of the Dog's home. Bored, he chooses to make this a perfect aid to his menacing. Dennis conitinued to gain popularity solo as time moved on. It wasn't until 1968 that his trademark pet, Gnasher was introduced marking comic history.

In 31 August, a strip depicted Dennis being informed by his father that many pets look like their owners. Dennis dismissed this as being a load of 'rot!' and went out. However, upon seeing many different owner's looking just like their dogs he began to consider that this maybe true. Upon being informed of a dog-show, Dennis decides to enter but needs a dog to do so. This was when he found the abyssinian wire haired tripe hound roaming the streets of Beano Town. Menacing the dog show rather than attempting to win it, the duo are eventually caught and punished. Gnasher returned the following week and became a comic favourite as well as the fictional Menace's best friend.

Dave Sutherland strips (1970 - 1998)
In 1970, Davey Law took ill and retired from the strip, leaving Dennis in need of a new artist. Dave Sutherland, who was already the artist of Biffo the Bear and The Bash Street Kids, was chosen. Law's final Dennis strip consisted of Dennis helping his father with the carpeting after Gnasher ruins it. Seeing a window of opportunity while his father is busy with fitting the new carpet, Dennis nails the slipper usually used to punish him to the floor. He then abandons his father causing the carpet they were laying to roll up and comically trap his dad. Far from being deterred from punishing his son, Dennis' dad saws his slippers from the floor and chases Dennis with them. The next strip was drawn by Gorden Bell as an artist had not yet been chosen. This depicted Dennis boasting to an ill Walter that he never had to sneeze due to his toughness. However, Gnasher accidentally fetched pepper for Dennis rather than paper causing him to sneeze. Walter, who happens to be passing gloats 'Look at the tough guy who never has to sneeze!'. Then, on 8 August, Sutherland did his first Dennis comic. Dennis made a cameo in a Biffo the Bear story in 1970 citing his wish to be on the cover. This dialogue proved to be almost prophetic as he became the cover star of the comic in 1974, a position he still holds today. His first cover adventure showed readers a close up of Dennis as he told them he always 'fancied being on the cover'. He then knocks Biffo, the then current cover star, on the head and marks the page his territory.

Dennis’ popularity was emphasised in 1976 when he was awarded his own fan club. Members would get a membership card, a club wallet and two badges. This later became the foundation of The Beano Club years later. The club was well known for being popular amongst celebrities as well as Beano readers. Phil Lynott, Mark Hamill and Linford Christie were among many to join. A strip promoting an all new Dennis T-shirt for club members emerged in 1978. It featured a guest appearance from Minnie the Minx and consisted of the two fighting over who the red and black jersey image truly belongs to.

1978 also saw The Beano at 40. To celebrate Dennis’ weekly comic strip this week featured him celebrating his birthday and his menacing antics with his brand new cow boy outfit.

In 1980, The Beano reached a landmark 2000th issue. The front cover depicted Dennis offering to show readers the very first issue of the comic. Incidentally and fitting well with the character's menacing nature, the comic was at the bottom of the pile. The character was then featured in one of the very first Beano spin off comics, The Beano comic libraries. He was one of the first Beano characters to get a feature length story which in turn was called 'King Dennis'. Dennis was also a character present in the most successful Beano annual to date in 1983.

In 1986, one of Dennis’s very first story arcs appeared. Gnasher, his faithful companion, had gone missing. Distraught, Dennis asked readers to join him on a ‘Gnational Gnasher Search’. At first, Dennis’ dad was far happier without the tripe hound but as the week wore on he found himself missing him. The story wore on for seven weeks before Gnasher returned, a father with his six daughters and son, Gnipper, who would later become a key character.

On The Beano's 50th Anniversary, Dennis' strip consisted of him saving The Beano's birthday cake which had begun to float away after the rope in which the sailor was pulling it along with was cut by a nearby crab.

A landmark issue for Dennis appeared in 1991, as the Beano announced they were to change his image. The news received much media attention throughout the UK and it was later revealed to be a publicity stunt in the very strip the image was introduced. Dennis' new attire consisted of a blue tracksuit, sunglasses and headphones connected to a walkman. However, the tracksuit bottoms ripped due to Dennis' knobbly knees and he ditched the jacket as his father could catch him easier after he had menaced. The end of the strip showed Dennis returning in his trademark jersey and shorts and pea-shooting his arch-nemesis Walter. Dennis also played a vital role in the storyline in which The Beano was turned into colour. The front cover of the famous 2674th issue of the comic depicted Dennis spraying other famous Beano characters with a hose of paint.

In 1993, Beano editor Euan Kerr was becoming concerned at the direction David Sutherland's depiction of the character was taking, with Dennis becoming ever stockier and larger. Kerr, feeling that Dennis was beginning to resemble a thuggish teenager rather than the naughty boy he was intended to be, told Sutherland to make Dennis look younger in appearance. As a result, Dennis was made shorter, with a smaller chin. He retained his familiar outfit, but started to wear trainers. These changes were also made with the intention of making the character easier to animate for the forthcoming Beano Video.

In 1996, the first Dennis animated series was released on the UK station Fox Kids, with a second series following in 1998.

After the Beano's 60th anniversary issue in 1998, David Sutherland stopped drawing the strip, and was replaced by former Billy Whizz and The Three Bears artist, David Parkins.

David Parkins (1998 - 2003)
Parkins' first Dennis strips featured a storyline that formally introduced Dennis' younger sister Bea into the comic. The story lasted three issues and consisted of Dennis' fear that a younger sister would ruin his reputation as the toughest menace in Beanotown. However, as it turned out Bea was as much of a menace as her older brother and even gained her own spin-off strip, which Dennis would sometimes cameo in.

Dennis kicked off the new millennium with a strip of him charging 50 pence to access the Menace Dome, a more 'menacing' version of the Millennium Dome. He also starred as a villain in a feature length Bash Street Kids strip in which he, alongside Minnie the Minx and Roger the Dodger, raced against the Bash Street Kids to find the treasure which was apparently buried underneath the Millennium Dome. It ended with Danny, the Bash Street leader, outwitting Dennis and his cronies and Dennis angrily blaming it on Roger. Whilst a rivalry with The Bash Street Kids was touched on before in other strips, it was this story which made the rivalry far more well known. Several succeeding feature length strips after, usually drawn by Mike Pearse or Kev F. Sutherland, further depicted the rivalry even to the point it would get violent. He also made other appearances in the spin-off Bash Street Kids - Singled Out, where he would take on a similar role.

In the same year, Dennis became a major mascot for the Chessington World of Adventures section, Beanoland. He was featured prominently throughout the land including a large figure atop of the shop, a member of the squirting water fountain, a character on the dodgems, a silhouette on the entrance and a cast member in the live-show located in his treehouse. Later in the park's history, Dennis' madhouse was introduced which was a foam ball play area. In 2008, the land was changed into Wild Asia.

In 2001, Dennis turned 50 and celebrated with a house party in which several Beano characters were invited. Humorously, all his gifts consisted of the 2001 Beano Annual, apart from Les Pretend's which was simply a pretend annual. He later participated in several party games which he changed radically to be far more menacing but found that most of the games back-fired onto him. The party was then finalised with a large food fight and then the entrance of The Dandy characters and other celebrities who had brought over a cake as the party continued for several more hours. Dennis' parents then hid and Dennis was forced to tidy up the mess. The same issue also showed readers how Dennis received his trademark jersey which, it reveals, was initially owned by a boy called Tufty. After Tufty asks when someone would land on the moon, to which Dennis accurately predicts 20 July 1969, Dennis offers to give him the chance right then. He attaches his granny's homemade soda pop to Tufty, shakes him then removes each of the lids which causes Tufty to blast off and fall into a nearby lake. Dennis then grabs the jersey and puts it on remarking it 'feels right somehow!'.

In 2003, Dennis appeared as a playable character in the PC game Beanotown Racing. He was featured in several strips leading up to the games release depicting how he received his vehicle and races he got into prior to the games events. This includes a rivalry with Minnie the Minx who had gotten her vehicle before him. Dennis tuned up his Menace-Mobile to make a dune buggy.

Nigel Parkinson, Jimmy Hansen and Tom Paterson (2004 - 2009)
David Parkins' workload meant he was able to draw the strip on an increasingly less frequent basis throughout his time on the strip, and after 2003 he became too busy to continue as full-time artist. Nigel Parkinson, who had previously been drawing the strip as Parkins' understudy, continued as artist, along with Jimmy Hansen coming in to replace Parkins. The pair drew the vast majority of stories between 2004 and 2007, when Tom Paterson also started drawing the strip. In 2008, Dennis was given an extra strip towards the back of the comic, usually a continuing story across a few weeks. These strips were usually drawn by Tom Paterson. One such story featured the illness of Gnasher's young pup, Gnipper who had been bitten by a poisonous snake. Throughout this story, Dennis and Gnasher called upon help of various past characters of the strips history before finally contacting Gnipper's many sisters who successfully managed to get him out of his coma. Walter also changed in the strip as Dennis was given more reason to belittle and menace him. Instead of being camp and frilly, he was quite rude and obnoxious especially towards Dennis and his friends. However, Dennis seemed to be more of a bully than an anti-hero in this age.

In 2007, Dennis was featured on the front page of a new magazine BeanoMax and was the coverstar until 2008 where he was repleaced by Max, an exclusive character. Another landmark issue was met in 2008 where The Beano turned 70. As a celebration, Dennis was seen on the cover sharing a cake with Wallace and Gromit, whose creator was featured heavily in the issue.

2009 Re-launch (2009 - 2010)
When the strip was relaunched in 2009, Dennis faced several changes to his character and appearance. It was the first major revamp of the character since his debut over 50 years prior and proved vastly controversial. Parkinson, Hansen and Paterson continued to draw the strips, although. Dennis became slightly shorter with a boyish look to him as opposed to the brute, tough guy look the previous artists had established. His behind the nose grin was used far less frequently and most of his menacing was toned down. He also no longer used weapons such as a catapult or peashooter save for a few times, so he became more creative in his mischief. The strip's title was shortened to Dennis and Gnasher during these years, and Dennis rarely used the term 'menacing' to describe his actions. Dennis' idol was revealed to be 'Rat-Bucket' a fictional heavy metal singer introduced in the strip. He was also given more rivals as Athena and Sugar were both introduced to the strip. He was also given a new spin-off 'Sixty Second Dennis'. This was a single page strip which featured Dennis in a short story, and was usually illustrated by Nigel Parkinson.

The reason behind the re-launch was to promote the new TV Series which was just about to hit screens in Britain. It followed Dennis, Curly, Pie-Face and Gnasher as they attempt to brighten up the average day in Beanotown through new ideas, adventures and pranks.

On 27 November 2010, The Beano Club was relaunched into The Beano V.I.P. It was officially announced vis a Dennis strip where several British celebrities including Ant and Dec, Simon Cowell and Daniel Radcliffe visited Beanotown in an effort to join the club but all failed as they were not deemed tough enough. In the end, Dennis decides its only the reader who can become a Beano V.I.P. This was the first strip in which Dennis seemed to actually do his 'menacing' intentionally since his re-launch in 2009.

Barrie Appleby & Nigel Parkinson (2011 – present)
In early 2011, Dennis' re-launched character slowly and subtlely began returning to his 'menacing' ways. He began using his weapons again and referring to his antics as menacing. He also began to do his menacing more intentionally as he did in all previous eras. Barrie Appleby, who had previously drawn Roger the Dodger, became the artist as the strip was extended to three pages rather than the usual two. Sixty Second Dennis was also dropped, being replaced by a Gnasher spin-off strip called Gnashional Treasure, which was later renamed as Gnasher's Bit(e). Although the strip continued to be known as Dennis and Gnasher, Dennis was once again overtly referred to as 'the menace', and by his 60th Birthday, Dennis had returned to his original character although he still has the likeness of his 2009 TV series counterpart. Meanwhile, Nigel Parkinson continued with lengthier Beano-Max stories which would often feature other Beano characters.

By August 2012, Dennis' 2009 re-launch was reverted following yet another re-launch of the comic. His illustrations were more in tone with David Parkins' era and he partook in genuine naughtiness and disruption again. Barrie Appleby returned to Roger the Dodger, whilst Nigel Parkinson began weekly strips. Like his 2009 re-launch, Dennis faced several new changes mainly due to a new editor. His old behind the nose grin returned and he began to once again refer to himself as a 'menace'. His parents had a make-over, so his traditionally balding father now shared his messy spiked hair and his mother was no longer neatly shaped. Gnasher also returned to normal. A new character Angel Face was also introduced into the strip in order to give Dennis more of a rival.

In honour of the 2012 London Olympic Games, gold medalist Jessica Ennis appeared in a strip, much to public attention. Paralympic runner Oscar Pistorius also appeared, with the current editor, Stirling citing that 'When people told Oscar he couldn't be an athlete due to his disability, he ignored them and, in that respect, he's just like Dennis, who never does as he is told.' Both strips were extremely well received amongst both the athletes and the public.

Dennis' younger years in Beanotown Pre-School are now being chronicled.

Character traits
Dennis is an uncontrollable schoolboy who takes pride in causing chaos and mayhem to those around him due to his intolerance for rules and order. Such traits have caused some artists to consider him to be quite the villain. In such strips, Dennis would often prove himself to be quite selfish and greedy, often disregarding his friends in favour for treasures. Despite this, he would often get his comeuppance in the end. His misbehaviour stems from what The Beano explains as an attempt to add excitement to an otherwise dull day. Often equipped with a red and black jersey and an array of menacing weaponry (such as a catapult), Dennis is considered to be quite the loner, seeking no solace in anyone's company aside from his faithful pet dog Gnasher. However, he can be seen alongside other menaces, Curly and Pie-Face. Feature length strips in The Beano reveal that Dennis actually has a rivalling nature with The Bash Street Kids, often brawling and attempting to outwit them. Most notably, he seems to have a particular dislike for Danny, the leader. He has, however, been shown to have a fairly stable friendship with Minnie the Minx and Roger the Dodger, enough so that the three have been seen to work together often. Dennis has also been shown to be quite heroic, having saved his town on occasion from potential disaster. The Beano Annual 2001-2, both exemplified this in their stories in which Dennis defeated a race of 'Beanobots'.

Even though many strips depict Dennis as being fairly academically challenged, he is in fact extremely inventive and clever when it comes to mechanics. On occasion, it has been shown that Dennis can make from scratch his very own vehicles including a Menace Dune-Buggy, a working rocket and other such things.

Like most Beano characters, Dennis has a rivalry for The Dandy stars, though some editors admitted that he has some sort of respect for long-lasting strip character Desperate Dan.

Timeline
March 1951 Drawn by David Law, Dennis the Menace appeared for the first time, as well as his dad.

May 1951 Dennis got his (in)famous red-and-black striped jersey, knitted for him by his granny (aka Whentball). He also teamed up with fellow menaces, "''Curly and Pie Face" The strip appeared in two colours (red and black).

1952 Walter appeared for the first time (Unnamed).

Early 1953 Walter was named.

Mid-1953 Dennis got expanded to a full page, while earlier strips were only half a page long.

1954 David Law's style of drawing Dennis changed dramatically, making the characters tall and thin. Dennis appeared on the back page in full colour for the first time.

1955 The first Dennis Annual was published, using reprinted stories from previous years.

1958 After four years of being drawn this way, characters become more or less back the way they were. Dennis returned inside the comic.

1962 Dennis returned to the back of the comic.

31 August 1968 Dennis found a dog on the street, Gnasher, on his way to the dog show at the local town hall. Gnasher became a regular from this point onwards.

1970 Walter's Dog, Foo-Foo, debuted.

22 July 1970 David Law retired, and one comic was drawn by Pup Parade artist Gordon Bell.

29 July 1970 Bash Street Kids artist Dave Sutherland started drawing Dennis, although drawing the strip almost identical to David Law. The strip was renamed "Dennis the Menace & Gnasher" when originally it was just called "Dennis the Menace" as Gnasher had been appearing every week on the strips.

14 September 1974 Dennis took the front cover of The Beano replacing Biffo the Bear.

1975 Walter joined "the softies", Bertie Blenkinsop and Algernon "Spotty" Perkins.

21 May 1977 Gnasher got his own strip in the comic, called "Gnasher's Tale", also drawn by David Sutherland.

 May 1979 Dennis' pet pig, "Rasher" debuted.

 Early 1980s Use of the slipper became increasingly rare in this time, having been very common in earlier strips.

22 September 1984 Rasher got his own strip in the comic, called simply "Rasher". Again, David Sutherland is the strip's artist.

March 1986 Gnasher "went missing". Foo Foo's Fairy Story temporarily replaced Gnasher's Tale.

May 1986 Gnasher returned, introducing his pups; Gnatasha, Gnannete, Gnancy, Gnaomi, Gnorah and Gnipper. "Gnasher and Gnipper" replaced "Gnasher's Tale".

1987 Dennis' spider, Dasher, appeared.

1988 Rasher's strip ended, replaced by Ill Will and the Germs.

1990 Granny's personality also changed drastically. Now, rather than a mean old woman, she became an elderly menace. The slipper was no longer used, partly due to changing attitudes towards child discipline at the time.

1992 The Menace car was seen for the first time.

February 1993 David Sutherland, Realising how stocky and bulky he became in recent years, started changing Dennis, making him look young and cute for a few years. The "Gnasher and Gnipper" strip was taken over by Barry Glennard in order to ease Sutherland's workload, though the style remains similar.

Early 1996 Dennis The Menace was looking like he did again, and for the first time ever, the story was drawn in the same style as the Bash Street Kids.

April 1996 The Dennis the Menace TV series appeared for the first time on BBC and TCC.

1996 This year marked the first appearances of The Colonel, Dennis' neighbour, and Sergeant Slipper, the local constable, who had both previously appeared in the Television Series. From this point onwards the front cover page usually consists of just one frame of the strip rather than several.

1998 Dasher re-appeared with a red mask as the mascot of the Beano site.

August–September 1998 For the 60th anniversary for the Beano, David Parkins started drawing Dennis the Menace, creating Bea some issues later.

October 1998 Bea got her own strip called Beaginnings drawn by Nigel Parkinson. She said her first word (Mud) in this strip.

1999 Nigel Parkinson became Dennis artist for the first time.

February 2001 The Gnasher and Gnipper strip was revamped, now being drawn in Barry Glennard's own style.

March 2001 Dennis celebrated his 50th Birthday. A special episode drawn by David Parkins (In the style of David Law) was released in the issue, telling the readers how he got his striped Jersey.

December 2001 Beaginnings got renamed Dennis' little sister Bea - the Mini Menace.

2002 Buster artist Jimmy Hansen drew his first Dennis strip. By this time, Nigel Parkinson was drawing Dennis as often as David Parkins, and effectively became main artist the following year.

2004 David Parkins stopped drawing Dennis altogether, and Jimmy Hansen joined Nigel Parkinson as main artist. Over the next 5 years they each drew about half of the strips. Walter got revamped when drawn by Jimmy Hansen, and he now bears the appearance of an Elvis impersonator with much bigger glasses.

2004 Dennis the Menace became the longest running strip in the Beano ever, beating Lord Snooty.

2007 Tom Paterson started drawing Dennis occasionally.

2008 Dennis got a comic strip at the back of the Beano as well as the front. The second strip was usually drawn by Tom Paterson. It is now clear that Walter has a new personality. Instead of being a gentle, well behaved boy, he's become camp, considerably meaner, and possibly evil.

2009 A brand new series was released, again on the BBC. For the new series, Dennis and Gnasher were revamped, not just for TV but also in the comic. The second Dennis strip was replaced by Sixty Second Dennis, which takes up just one page as opposed to two. The main Dennis strip is now mainly drawn by Hansen, with Sixty Second Dennis usually by Nigel Parkinson.

2011 Barrie Appleby took over as full-time Dennis artist. The strip isn't as influenced by the 2009 series now, with Dennis behaving more menacingly, the series-style backgrounds being dropped, Dennis being referred to more often as 'the menace' and the return of several characters who disappeared around the time of the new series, such as Foo-Foo. Also around the same time, Sixty Second Dennis gets replaced by a new Gnasher strip, titled Gnasher's Bit(e), drawn by Jimmy Hansen.

March 2011 Dennis celebrated his 60th birthday.

August 2012 Changes made by previous relaunch were reverted. Nigel Parkinson begins regular weekly strips.

July 2013 A second season to the 2009 series renamed Dennis the Menace and Gnasher and the Dennis and Gnasher Megazine have both been released to coincide with the 75th anniversary of The Beano.

Characters
Over the years, a variety of subsidiary characters have arisen.

Menace family
Dennis is the main character of the strip. Badly behaved and visually rebellious, Dennis uses a wide range of pranks and weaponry in order to cause chaos and mayhem to those around him. He is trade-marked by his scruffy, black hair and red & black jersey.

Dad appeared in the first strip. His hair loss is down to Dennis’s menacing, and his real name has never been given (although once it was cited as actually being "Dennis's Dad" in a letter by Dennis). He also appears in both Bea and Gnasher and Gnipper. The real name of his wife, Mum, has also never been given (again in the same letter, it was stated that her actual name is "Dennis's Mum"). In many strips, Dad appears to have been a menace as a child.

Bea is Dennis’s little sister, born in issue 2931, dated 19 September 1998. She has her own strip (Bea, originally Beaginnings) and sometimes appears in Dennis the Menace and Gnasher. Bea wears a stripy yellow and black vest, this is a pun on her name as the colours are the same as the colours on a Bumble bee.

Granny, real name "Gertrude", is Dennis's and Bea's 80-year-old grandmother. In the late 1980s/early 1990s, she got her own strip Go, Granny, Go! drawn by Brian Walker. This transformed her from the indulgent Granny who used the Demon Whacker when necessary to a very active elderly lady who enjoyed motorbikes, similar to Cuddles and Dimples's granny, partly because, by this time, character in The Beano were no longer punished with the slipper. She also appeared regularly in the 2009 TV series, where she is married to a man who is presumed to be Denis's granddad.

Denise is Dennis's cousin, who bears a striking resemblance to Beryl the Peril, although she also wears a red and black striped jumper. She appeared in just a few stories, visiting along with her cat 'Santa Claws'. She generally managed to out-menace Dennis, showing considerable fortitude against the Softies, and at the local boxing club. 'Santa Claws' also appeared in a Roger the Doger strip in the 2008 Beano annual.

Pets
Gnasher is a black dog (an "Abyssinian wire-haired tripehound") who first appeared in issue 1363, dated 31 August 1968. He has extremely strong teeth that can leave teethmarks in seemingly anything, and enjoys chasing postmen. His name comes from the British slang for teeth (gnashers), which in turn comes from the French ganache meaning "jowl", a word also used in chocolate manufacture. In the first ever Dennis the Menace strip, the family also had a pet chiwawa, who has not since appeared.

Since 1986, Gnasher has had a son, Gnipper, who appears with him in the separate strip (Gnasher and Gnipper). Gnipper is not owned by Dennis the Menace. He first appeared in issue 2286, dated 10 May 1986 after a story arc in which Gnasher went missing, this story arc was reprinted in the Dennis the Menace Annual 1990 as a 16-page story entitled Who's Gnicked Gnasher. Gnipper's name is a pun since 'to nip' something means to give something a small bite, while 'nipper' is a slang term for a young child. Gnasher also has several daughters: Gnatasha, Gnaomi, Gnanette, Gnorah and Gnancy, although these are rarely seen. Gnatasha had her own strip in The Beezer and Topper, and appeared in the Beezer Book 1994. Gnasher also used to have another strip, Gnasher's Tale, which began in 1977 and continued for nine years until the title was changed to Gnasher and Gnipper following Gnipper's introduction.

Rasher is a pig, first seen in issue 1920, dated 5 May 1979. He loves to eat swill and was rescued by Dennis. Rasher also has children: Oink, Snort, Grunt, Squeal, and Squeak. He used to have his own strip called Rasher, which started in 1984 and appeared regularly for four years before making sporadic appearances until 1995, Rasher's strip also appeared for a few weeks in 2010. He was believed to have been dropped after the strip was revamped in 2009, but he made a surprise return to the strip in 2011. In the 2009 TV series, Rasher and Gnipper are owned by Dennis's granny

Dennis has been seen with his pet spider called Dasher (named "Sidney" in the animated series). He first appeared in about 1987, as a tool to scare Softy Walter, and was the mascot of the Beano website when it launched in 1997. Originally, the spider was all black, but when it reappeared in 1997, it was red and black, matching Dennis's jersey. He appeared a few times from 1997-2008, and than reappeared in the 2011 Halloween issue.

Other children
Dennis has two main friends: Curly (real name "Crispin"), who has a lot of strawberry-blonde, curly hair, was the first to appear, debuting months after the strip started in 1951. Although Curly and Dennis get into many fights, they still remain the best of friends, and Pieface (real name Kevin), whose favourite food is pies. Dennis, Curly and Pieface are collectively called "The Menaces". They all are in a band called Dennis and the Dinmakers. They didn't usually appear in the original strip, but have appeared in it more since 2009.

The rival gang to the Menaces is the Softies, a group of children who enjoy things such as teddy bears, dolls and flowers. The most famous, Dennis’s greatest sworn enemy, is a character called Walter, sometimes called the "Prince of Softies". He has a pet poodle called Foo-Foo. The two most other frequently seen Softies are Algernon 'Spotty' Perkins and Bertie Blenkinsop. Other softies, seen less often, have included  Bennie Benry, Sweet William, Dudley Nightshirt, Jeremy Snodgrass, Softy Matthew, Softy Pal Erasmus, Lisping Lester, Matilda (Walter's girlfriend introduced in the 1996 TV series), and Nervous Rex, a character who is scared of everything and everyone. For a brief time in the late 1970s/ early 1980s, Curly also appeared in the softies.

Other characters
The Colonel is an old army colonel who is often seen with toy soldiers and often makes references to being in battles which happened hundreds of years ago. In an episode of the animated TV series entitled 'The Trial', his first name was revealed to be Godfrey.

Sergeant Slipper is the police sergeant who is always trying to catch Dennis for menacing. (In the 1960s a well-known police officer was known as Slipper of the Yard, though "slipper" is also a nod to the instrument with which Dennis' father usually chastised him before corporal punishment was deemed politically incorrect.)

Dennis' Teacher often appeared in Dennis the Menace strips from the early 1970s and has been replaced, although the character was absent for most of the intervening period, in the 2009 TV Series by another Teacher named Mrs Creecher.

Nasty Norman was a bully who was often seen as Dennis' rival.

Stanley Livingstone an explorer with a pet crocodile who lived next door to Dennis. Seemingly replaced by the Colonel though they character had disappeared a while before The Colonel first appeared. His name alludes to the explorers David Livingstone and H.M. Stanley.

Television and video

 * Dennis's first regular TV appearance was in the puppet series 'The Dennis the Menace and Gnasher Show' that ran on the satellite TV channel The Children's Channel, starting in 1990. The show was directed by Bob Harvey, written by Mike Barfield, and all the characters were voiced by Logan Murray, with artwork by John Bonner. The first series featured only the puppets Dennis, Gnasher and Walter. The second series in 1991added Dad and Mum. The punk-style theme music was by John du Prez.


 * Dennis appears alongside other Beano characters in the direct to video release, The Beano Video. His segments include 'In on the Act', 'Soap Box Cart', 'The Pink Glove' and 'Big Surprise' as well as a guest appearance in two of the Gnasher segments. Dennis was voiced by Susan Sheridan.


 * Dennis appears once again in The Beano Video Stars DVD, this time attending a premiere to an all new Beano feature. In this film, several Beano characters attend a premier in which a brand new Beano film is being shown. Dennis arrives in his 'Menace-Mobile' and pelts the narrator with tomatoes in his usual menacing fashion. His first segment ('The Snowman Army') was based on a comic strip from the 1995 Beano Annual whilst the second segment ('Dennis meets his Match') appears to be of its own original creation. Susan Sheridan once again served as Dennis's voice.


 * Dennis was the main character of a 1996 TV Series originally titled Dennis the Menace but changed in the second season to Dennis & Gnasher. This version of Dennis still gets up to the same old tricks. Throughout the whole series, however, he does not once use a catapult or a peashooter and is often far more heroic than that of The Beano version. The show ran for two seasons and was shown on TCC, CBBC and Fox Kids. Richard Pearce voiced Dennis in this series.


 * Later in 2009, Dennis re-appeared on television again in a series once again called Dennis & Gnasher. His behaviour was toned down far more showing quite a different personality to that of the comic Dennis, which was changed to match the TV series but has since gradually changed back. This Dennis preferred fun over mischief and often did menacing inadvertently. The first season ran for 52 episodes on CBBC. However, in mid-2013, the show has currently returned but with a new name called Dennis the Menace and Gnasher. Dennis' behaviour has improved by making him behave and sound more menacingly and as of recent, the second season is also running for 52 episodes on the CBBC. Dennis was voiced by Sophie Aldred in the first series, and Chris Johnson in the second series.

Video games

 * Dennis is playable in the PC Game Beanotown Racing. His vehicle is a menace dune buggy.

Theme park

 * Dennis was the main mascot for the Beano Land section in Chessington World of Adventures, from 1999 to 2010. He was a Meet & Greet character as well as the subject of a short live amusement show located in his tree house. A fun house in which children could fire foam balls at each other was built later on in the park's history and named 'Dennis' Madhouse'.

Reception & Legacy
Since his creation, Dennis and Gnasher have been viewed by the public as National Treasures. BBC News once entitled Dennis as the 'definitive naughty boy', with Matthew Jarron of Dundee University, and curator of a Beano exhibition claimed that the strips 'blatant anti-establishment tone' is what keeps children entertained throughout the decades. Children's author Michael Rosen said he enjoyed the prospect that 'In most children's books a bad child gets made good. But the great thing about Dennis is he never gets better'. Nick Newman cited his inspiration for a Private Eye strip based on the Menace due to the fact Dennis is 'relentless' and has 'no learning curve'. Jarron also argued that Dennis offers a sense of escapism in a modern cotton wool wrapped world stating 'Parents are so fearful of letting their children roam around. So Dennis can provide that vicarious pleasure of going out and doing anything. And it's menacing of a pretty benign kind'. Express called Dennis 'the child template for every post-war rebel without a cause'. John McShane, a comic historian further praised the strip calling Dennis 'an original looking character. In the early days it was not in full colour but had a red overlay, but Davy Law, the artist, made a virtue out of this necessity by having the red-and-black striped T-shirt. The mantra in design classes is: 'Black and Red will always be read.' And that spiky hair! Unforgettable. Then that cheeky expression. Cartoonists talk about drawings just 'coming right'; that expression is perfect. Dennis is not actually evil … Dennis just wants fun and is prepared to accept the consequences'.

Alongside praise from the press, Dennis encountered a small bit of controversy amongst the media in the late nineties early noughties for being 'homophobic' and a 'bully' but most defend the character. Maurice Heggie, a Dandy editor, stated 'I never saw him as a bully because the characters of the softies were so dreadful, they had no redeeming features either.' She went on to explain that 'if Dennis was bullying them, then there was a punishment. There was never a script out of DC Thomson where a bully succeeded – there was always a punishment – however horrible Dennis was with his water pistol, be sure that round the corner there was an elephant with a trunkful of water for him. He's changed over the years, but he's not changed … He is essentially out for mischief all the time'. John McShane also defended the strip stating firmly that 'Dennis never got away with his pranks'. On whether the stories of Walter's homosexuality were true McShane affirmed that he didn't know but argued' He certainly needed to stand up for himself. Our sympathies were never with him because he didn't stand up to Dennis. Bullies have to be stood up to; another good lesson for any society.' In an article for the Guardian, Dennis is interestingly cited as 'Britain's longest surviving comic villain' and Gnasher being 'evil' and 'fierce'.

2009 Redesign Controversy
In 2009, the strip gained negative Media publicity after it was announced that new issues would draw inspiration from the TV series that aired the same year. In the series, Dennis was removed of his childlike weaponry such as catapult, peashooter and water guns and his personality re-established as naively troublesome rather than intentionally so. On top of this, Gnasher was forbidden to bite people in defense. Their image was also drastically revamped, in an attempt to make them more accessible to younger viewers with Dennis' scowl being abandoned. This was all to discourage violence and weaponry among children. Fans spoke out against The Beano's decision citing that 'Dennis is supposed to be a little bit edgy and a bit of a lovable rogue'. Kev F Sutherland, who wrote for The Beano in the early noughties, also spoke out against the makeover saying it was a 'bad idea' and argued 'if you pander too much to over-sensitive parents you will end with not very funny comedy'. The daughters of Dennis the Menace creator David Law further criticized the make over, saying their father would be 'horrified' with how he was depicted now and said the new design was 'bland' and 'ordinary'. The change lasted for roughly a year before artist Nigel Parkinson was sought out to return the character to its roots and original design. What's more, the series aired but was considerably altered during its second season to suit the tone of the comics more, making Dennis closer to his comic book age and personality.

Influence on popular culture
Darts player Dennis Priestley is known as "The Menace" and wears a shirt with the familiar red and black horizontal bands. In recent years, the satirical magazine Private Eye has carried comic strips featuring a character sometimes called Beano Boris or Boris the Menace, a blond-haired version of Dennis the Menace, parodying the politician Boris Johnson.