Commando (comics)

Commando For Action and Adventure, formerly known as Commando War Stories in Pictures, and colloquially known as Commando Comics, are a series of British comic books that primarily draw their themes and backdrops from the various incidents of the World Wars I and II. The comic, still in print today, is noted for its distinctive 7 × 5½ inch, 68 page format that became a standard for these kinds of stories. It has remained more popular than many other British war comics, and some would say British comics in general, despite its simplistic stories and simply sketched black and white artwork, with only the covers in colour.

The stories contain certain characteristic motifs; to mention a few - courage, cowardice, patriotism, dying for the sake of one's country, noble actions, and making a cup of refreshing tea while in the face of danger, enmity turning into friendship when the going gets tough, and so on. Apart from portraying these universal qualities, Commando Comics also show soldiers in national stereotypes, glorifying Allied soldiers, but showing soldiers as a mixture of good and evil. There was usually no continuity between books; each book was a complete story with start and finish, though recently series (2 or 3 stories) of books following the same character have been published.

Publication history
The comic series, then going by the title Commando War Stories in Pictures, was launched by D.C. Thomson of Dundee, Scotland, in July 1961. It was an addition to the company's already high profile comics, such as The Beano and The Dandy. During its launch year two issues were published per month, but due to the comic's increasing popularity this rose to four a month. Since 1971 there have been eight issues published per month. As of issue 539, certain stories have been reprinted. In September 1993 the comic title changed to Commando For Action and Adventure. The last issue to feature the former title was issue 2690, Password to Freedom, published in August. The first comic to feature the new title was issue 2691, A Race Against Time, published the following month.

As well as the comics, annuals were also produced in 1989 and 1990, each containing seven new stories. The annuals were in full colour and illustrated in the style of the time, not in the original style of the comics.

At its peak in terms of sales, in one month during the 1970s, Commando comics circulation figures reached 750,000 according to George Low, who began working with Commando in 1963 and retired as editor in 2007. Current circulation is 9,600 copies a month per issue. The current editor is Calum Laird.

Landmark Issue no 4000 of Commando- 'Aces All!'- was released in April 2007. If issues continue to be printed at the current rate, Commando No 5000 will be released in 2017. In 2011, Commando Comics celebrated their 50th anniversary of publication, having begun in 1961. They issued reprints of several of the early Commando stories from the 1960s. Commando in 2011 re-printed (in reverse order) all of the first twelve issues from 1961. Since 2007, half of Commando issues released have been re-prints of earlier stories but the remainder are new and original stories & artwork. A book celebrating the best of Commando comics cover art was released in October 2011. In 2011, new editions of Commando became available via digital download.

In June 2013, it was announced that Commando Comics, whilst still owned by D C Thomson based in Dundee, would now be printed by GGP Media in Germany.

Artists & Writers
Commando in its 50-year history has employed 140 writers, over 100 cover artists & 120 interior artists. These artists & writers have been based in a variety of locations including the UK, Italy & Argentina. Notable artists who have worked on Commando include:-


 * Gordon Livingston who was one of the very first artists employed by Commando when it began in 1961. His first issue was Commando No 4-Mercy for None first printed in July 1961. Livingston produced the interior story art for over 360 issues of Commando, his last work being issue no 3293-Sweeney's Island, released in December 1999, the same year he retired.


 * Ken Barr who has produced the cover art for over 200 issues, including the earliest ones printed in 1961.


 * John Ridgway, whose work with Commando began in 1971 with issue no 546 Mustang Ace and who has drawn the interior art for over 120 issues and for half of those, he also did the cover-art.


 * Denis McLoughlin came to Commando relatively late in his career. Having worked as an illustrator since the 1940s, he drew the interior art for his first Commando (no 1623 Fight Back) in 1982. McLoughlin drew the interior art for over 170 issues prior to his death in 2002 at the age of 84.


 * Ian Kennedy who, since 1970, has produced the cover-art for over 1200 issues of Commando and has also done the interior story art for a number of them (he also worked for Battle, Air Ace & War Picture Libraries).


 * Jose Maria Jorge was an Argentinian artist who had a distinctive and precise drawing style and who produced the interior art for 163 issues, mostly aviation & naval-themed stories. His work with Commando began in 1969 with issue no 384-Flying Fury and he had the honour of illustrating Commando No 4000 in 2007. His final issue was No 4329-Divided Aces printed shortly before his death at the age of 69 in 2010.


 * Keith Page is a recent Commando artist who began in 1996 with issue 2941 Odd Man Out and has since drawn the interior art for over 200 issues.

Themes & Stories
In the early years, all of Commando stories were devoted to the Second World War but in more recent decades, the comic has extended its range to a variety of conflicts including the First World War, the Cold War, Spanish Civil War, the Falklands, Korea, Vietnam and even Ancient & Medieval conflicts. A handful of issues have also dealt with fictional conflicts such as civil wars fought between imaginary states and there have even been a small number of Western & Science Fiction stories released by Commando. One example was issue no 4139-Rebel Army, set in immediate aftermath of the US Civil War in the 1860s. Another was issue no 2774-Space Watch, a science-fiction adventure about spaceship battles. In more recent decades, Commando have been also willing to portray conflicts through the viewpoint of soldiers on the opposite side. Issues such as #2598-Let Me Fly & #2713-The Flying Musketeers portrayed WW2 from the experiences of German combatants whilst #2574-Giant Duel was a story about Italian air-force bomber crews in WW2. Issue No 2445-Iron Cross Yank featured a German ex-Luftwaffe pilot who is allowed to join the US air-force and fight in the Korean War. Issue No 1168-Thunderbolt was notable for including a sympathetic portrayal of a Japanese pilot.

Despite the emphasis placed on action & adventure, the creators of Commando have placed great importance on achieving historical and technical accuracy as much as possible. The second editor of Commando, Ian Forbes, served in the British Army during the Second World War. George Low remarked that Forbes always had a great respect for the Germans and that it was important that distinctions be made between fanatical Nazis and the ordinary German soldiers.

Collecting Commando Comics
For collectors, the most prized issues are the earliest editions printed in the 1960s and early 1970s, namely those that predate issue No 1000. A copy of Commando No 1 Walk-Or Die! recently sold for 1,000 pounds. And a collection of the first 100 issues of Commando recently sold for 7,000 pounds.

Appearance and format
The Commando comic differs from the more widely known American comic book in that it is published in a 7 × 5½ inch, 68 page format, with some 135 panels per story, which is roughly similar to a standard 22 page US comic. Most panels have both captions and dialogue to further the plot. Sound effects are rarely if ever used. The intention is to make a Commando story easy to read and follow.

The artwork is in black and white except for the covers, with the lettering done in typewriter font. Until recently writers and artists went uncredited as usual for D.C Thomson comics, though now a small grenade icon appears on the first panel, crediting individuals with story, art and cover.

Collected editions
In 2005, Carlton Books Ltd released an anthology of twelve Commando stories selected by George Low, who has edited the series since 1963. This proved a commercial success and further anthology collections have been published, some of which are themed. To date, these collections are:


 * The Dirty Dozen (784 pages, November 2005, ISBN 1-84442-307-7)
 * Containing 12 issues: Inland Navy, Rileys Rifle, Aces Wild, Trouble Spot, Mustang Patrol, Death Patrol, The Ship Busters, Battle Wagon, Three...Two...One...Zero!, March of the Monsters, Man of Iron, Glider Ace. (This book was also published in two other editions, one called 'The 12 Best Commando Stories ever' (with different cover art also) and the other entitled 'Call of Battle', published by Seven-Oaks in 2009 which had identical cover-art to 'Dirty Dozen' but contained 10 of the above 12 stories).


 * True Brit (784 pages, October 2006, ISBN 1-84442-121-X)
 * Containing 12 issues: Guns on the Peak, The Fighting Few, Bright Blade of Courage, The Haunted Jungle, Tiger in the Tail, The Specialists, VLR-Very Long Range, The Mighty Midget, Flak Fever, Fight or Die!, Fearless Freddy, Another Tight Spot. (This book has been also published in two other editions- one in 2009 with the same cover-art and same title- 'True Grit' -but with 10 of the above 12 stories, and the other in 2007 with all 12 stories but with different cover-art and title-'The 12 Toughest Commando Stories Ever').


 * ANZACs At War (783 pages, August 2007, ISBN 1-84442-059-0) This anthology contains a rare issue set in the Vietnam War. This was also published in another edition by Seven-Oaks which featured the same 12 stories but with different cover-art and a different title:-'Commando: The Best 12 Aussie and Kiwi War Stories Ever'.
 * Containing 12 issues: Maori Challenge, The Forgotten Five, War in the Wet, Test By Battle, Regan's Raiders, Killing Zone, Outback Army, Sub-Chaser, Secret in the Sand, Island of Fear, Outlaw from the Outback, The Warlord


 * All Guns Blazing (784 pages, September 2007, ISBN 1-84442-284-4)
 * Containing 12 issues: Fire Over England, Desert Fox, Danger in the Deep, The Desert of Death, The Savage Sky, The Death or Glory Mob, Zero Smasher, Island of Death, Sea Strike, Assassin!, They Flew by Night, Colonel Scarface.


 * Rumble in the Jungle (784 pages, May 2008, ISBN 1-84442-002-7)
 * Containing 12 issues: Tinker Tailor Soldier Sailor, Jungle Madness, Mighty Maguire, Leave Him Behind!, Jungle Patrol, Grudge Fight, Into the Jungle, Jungle Sniper, The Black Pagoda, Jungle Express, Halt-Or Die!, Danger Everywhere!


 * Bandits at 12 O'Clock (784 pages, September 2008, ISBN 1-84732-128-3)
 * Containing 12 issues: Battle Squadron, Son of a Traitor, Death of a Wimpey, The Silver Spitfire, Sailor with Wings, Lone Eagle, Sea Blitz, A Stirling called Satan, Low-Level Lanc, Black Zero, Mosquito Ace, Jet Blitz.


 * D-Day - Fight or Die! (May 2009, ISBN 1-84732-372-3)
 * Containing 12 issues: Ambush at Dawn, The Strongpoint, Normandy Drop, Wrong Time-Wrong Place, Big Joe, Blood of Heroes, D-Day Drop, Operation Bulldog, Wolf Pack, Man of Iron, Big Guy, The Footsloggers


 * Battle of Britain - Scramble! (656 Pages, October 2009, ISBN 1-84732-421-5)
 * Containing 10 issues: The Flying Avengers, Upside-Down Ace, Battle of the Boffins, Winged Wolves, Danger Below, Czech Mate, Squadron Scramble, No Mercy, Spitfire Spirit, Death of a Cobra.


 * Rogue Raiders (656 Pages, May 2011, ISBN 1-84732-791-5)
 * Containing 10 issues: Operation Firebrand!, Half-Pint Commando, Terror Team, The Iron Sergeant, Time of Terror, The Mad Major, Spring the Trap, A Born Leader, Marked Man, Ten Tough Paratroopers.

Two box sets have also been published:


 * Commando: Ammo Box (2420 pages, October 2008, ISBN 1-84732-087-2)
 * Containing The Dirty Dozen, True Brit, All Guns Blazing and the very first issue of Commando - Walk or Die!


 * Commando: High Explosive (2420 pages, October 2010, ISBN 1-84732-703-6 )
 * Containing Bandits at 12 O'Clock, Rumble in the Jungle, D-Day: Fight or Die! and the second issue of Commando - 'They Called Him Coward!'

In July 2011, Carlton Books Ltd began releasing smaller, 'pocket-sized' collections of Commando Comics edited by Calum Laird, each edition featuring three stories published in the original size, a similar format to the original 'Holiday Specials' released by Battle & Air Ace Picture Libraries.


 * Tally Ho! (July 2011, ISBN 1-84732-820-2)
 * containing 3 issues: Whirlwind!, O for Orange, Hurri to the Rescue.


 * Banzai! (July 2011, ISBN 1-84732-819-9)
 * containing 3 issues: Fight to the Finish, Where the Action is!, The Curse of Nanga-Jevi.


 * Action Stations! (July 2011, ISBN 1-84732-822-9)
 * containing 3 issues: Buccaneer Bob RN, Identity Unknown, Rogue Sub.


 * Achtung! (July 2011, ISBN 1-84732-821-0)
 * containing 3 issues: Danger Mountain, Destroy by Fire!, Spearhead.


 * Bombs Away! (April 2012, ISBN 1-84732-971-3)
 * containing 3 issues: Ghost Pilot, Hoodoo Ace, Deck-Level Dawson


 * Dive! Dive! Dive! (April 2012, ISBN 1-84732-969-1)
 * containing 3 issues: Java Sea Jinx, Dive! Dive! Dive!, "The Silent Service.


 * Who Dares Wins (April 2012, ISBN 1-84732-970-5)
 * containing 3 issues: Sabotage, The Secret Heroes, Ramsey's Raiders.


 * Desert Rats (April 2012, ISBN 1-84732-968-3)
 * containing 3 issues: Fighting Fool!, Oasis of Death, Chariot of War.


 * Tank Attack (Sept 2013, ISBN 1-85375-893-5)
 * containing 3 issues: Trail of the Tiger, Bring on the Tanks, A Tank called Tessie.


 * Airborne Assault (Sept 2013, ISBN 1-85375-892-8)
 * containing 3 issues: Glider Strike, Ten Tough Paratroopers, Strike at Sundown.


 * Behind Enemy Lines (Sept 2013, ISBN 1-85375-891-1)
 * containing 3 issues: Into Bandit Country, One Man's War, Spy Trap.


 * Who Dares Wins (Nov 2013, ISBN 1-84732-970-7)
 * containing 3 issues: The Secret Heroes, Sabotage!, Raiders on the Rampage.


 * Weapons of Vengeance (Nov 2013, ISBN 1-85375-894-2)
 * containing 3 issues: Operation Valhalla, Rocket Strike, Project Doomsday.

In August 2013, Prion (Carlton) Books released collections of Commandoes that each featured six stories, published in the original size. Please note, these editions feature stories already included in the earlier anthologies.


 * Marching to Glory (Aug 2013, ISBN 1-85375-896-6)
 * containing 6 issues: Rileys Rifle, Death Patrol, Guns on the Peaks, Battle Wagon, Man of Iron, The Haunted Jungle.


 * Rampaging Raiders (Aug 2013, ISBN 1-85375-898-0)
 * containing 6 issues: Trouble Spot, Three-Two-One-Zero!, The Specialists, VLR-Very Long Range, Fight or Die!, Fearless Freddy.


 * Heroes Fly High (Aug 2013, ISBN 1-85375-899-7)
 * containing 6 issues: Aces Wild, Mustang Patrol, Glider Ace, The Fighting Few, Tiger in the Tail, Flak Fever.


 * Deadly Seas (Aug 2013, ISBN 1-85375-897-3)
 * containing 6 issues: Inland Navy, The Ship-Busters, March of the Monsters, Bright Blade of Courage, Mighty Midget, Another Tight Spot.

In other languages
The comics were popular in Finland, where they were known by the name "Korkeajännitys", meaning "high excitement" - it's a wordplay, referring to "korkeajännite", which would mean "high voltage". Hence the tagline: "Iskee kuin miljoona volttia", meaning "Strikes like a million volts". The term "korkeajännitys" doesn't exist in Finnish language outside this wordplay. Special issues of Korkeajännitys based on Finnish themes have been published by Egmont Publishing since 1998. These themes include Finnish Civil War, Finnish War as well as Winter War and Continuation War.

These comics have also been published in India in Hindi, under the title Commando - Sachitra Yudh Kathayein by Gowarsons Publishers Pvt. Ltd.